mtDNA Haplogroup • Maternal Lineage

X2BA

mtDNA Haplogroup X2BA

Unknown

To be determined

6 subclades

Explore the Story Parent: X2BB

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Chapter I

The Story

The journey of mtDNA haplogroup X2BA

mtDNA haplogroup X2BA is a maternal lineage from the Phylotree reference tree. This record was auto-created to restore missing intermediate structure between existing clades. It is a subclade of X2BB.

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Key Points

Editorial status

Chapter II

Tree & Relationships

Phylogenetic context and subclades

Evolution Path

This haplogroup's evolutionary journey from its earliest ancestor to the present.

Steps	Haplogroup	Age Estimate	Archaeology Era	Time Passed	Immediate Descendants	Tested Modern Descendants	Ancient Connections
1	X2BA Current	-	-	-	6	13	0
2	X2BB	-	-	-	1	13	0
3	X2B	~12,000 years ago	?? Neolithic	12,000 years	1	69	73
4	X2B'D	-	-	-	2	103	0
5	X2a	~13,000 years ago	?? Mesolithic	13,000 years	6	127	4
6	X2	~22,000 years ago	?? Mesolithic	22,000 years	5	152	48
7	X1'2'3	-	-	-	3	170	0
8	X	~10,000 years ago	?? Neolithic	10,000 years	3	180	28
9	N	~60,000 years ago	?? Paleolithic	60,000 years	16	20,371	13
10	L3	~70,000 years ago	?? Paleolithic	70,000 years	7	23,542	6
11	L3'4	-	-	-	2	23,581	0
12	L3'4'6	-	-	-	2	23,584	0
13	L2'3'4'6	-	-	-	2	24,475	0
14	L2'3'4'5'6'7	-	-	-	2	24,488	0
15	L1'2'3'4'5'6'7	-	-	-	2	24,903	0
16	L	~160,000 years ago	?? Paleolithic	160,000 years	2	25,205	5

Subclades (6)

Near East / Eastern Mediterranean

X2B4

~6,000 years ago

Near East / Eastern Mediterranean

Near East / Eastern Mediterranean

Chapter III

Where in the World

Geographic distribution and modern presence

Place of Origin

To be determined

Modern Distribution

The populations where mtDNA haplogroup X2BA is found require further characterization through genetic studies.

CHAPTER IV

When in Time

Your haplogroup in the context of human history

~10k years ago

Neolithic Revolution

Agriculture begins, settled communities form

~5k years ago

Bronze Age

Metalworking, writing, and early civilizations

~3k years ago

Iron Age

Iron tools, expanded trade networks

~2k years ago

Classical Antiquity

Greek and Roman civilizations flourish

Present

Present Day

Modern era

Present

Haplogroup X2BA

Your mtDNA haplogroup emerged in To be determined

To be determined

Your Haplogroup

Historical Era

Chapter IV-B

Linked Cultures

Ancient cultures associated with mtDNA haplogroup X2BA

Cultural Heritage

These ancient cultures have been linked to haplogroup X2BA based on matching ancient DNA samples from archaeological excavations. The presence of this haplogroup in these cultures provides insights into the migrations and population movements of populations carrying this haplogroup.

Bükk Group Bulgarian Neolithic French Neolithic Greek Neolithic Lengyel Culture Linear Pottery Culture Middle Neolithic French

Culture assignments are based on archaeological context of ancient DNA samples and may represent regional associations during specific time periods.

Chapter V

Sample Catalog

30 direct carriers of haplogroup X2BA

30 / 30 samples

Sample	Country	Era	Date	Culture	mtDNA	Match
Norse individual, Denmark	Denmark	Denmark Viking	900 CE - 1000 CE	Viking Denmark	`X2b-a`	Direct
Viking individual, Denmark	Denmark	The Viking Age	900 CE - 1000 CE		`X2b-a`	Direct
Norse individual, Russia	Russia	Russia Viking	1000 CE - 1200 CE	Viking Culture	`X2b-a`	Direct
Viking individual, Russia	Russia	The Viking Age	1000 CE - 1200 CE		`X2b-a`	Direct
Central European Bronze Age Cultures individual, Germany	Germany	Middle Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	1617 BCE - 1504 BCE	Lech Valley Culture	`X2b-a`	Direct
Ceu Mba individual, Germany	Germany	Middle Bronze Age Central Europe	1617 BCE - 1504 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
Ceu Mba individual, Germany	Germany	Middle Bronze Age Central Europe	1617 BCE - 1504 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
Atlantic Bronze Age individual, Portugal	Portugal	Portugal MBA	1800 BCE - 1400 BCE	Portuguese Bronze	`X2b-a`	Direct
Iberia Ba individual, Portugal	Portugal	Bronze Age Iberia	1800 BCE - 1400 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
Central European Bronze Age Cultures individual, Germany	Germany	Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	1872 BCE - 1624 BCE	Lech Valley Bronze Age	`X2b-a`	Direct
Ceu Eba individual, Germany	Germany	Early Bronze Age Central Europe	1872 BCE - 1624 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
Kleinaitingen Gewerbegebiet Nord EBA individual, Germany	Germany	Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	1881-1687 calBCE (3454±28 BP, MAMS-21565)	Lech Valley Bronze Age	`X2b-a`	Direct
Kleinaitingen Gewerbegebiet Nord EBA individual, Germany	Germany	Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	1888-1700 calBCE (3486±27 BP, MAMS-21571)	Lech Valley Bronze Age	`X2b-a`	Direct
Haunstetten Postillionstrasse EBA individual, Germany	Germany	Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany	2127-1901 calBCE (3631±24 BP, MAMS-18968)	Lech Valley Bronze Age	`X2b-a`	Direct
England EBA C-olow EEF individual, United Kingdom	United Kingdom	Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age England	2195-1980 calBCE (3694±25 BP, BRAMS-1230)	British Chalcolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain C	2850-2250 BCE	Los Millares	`X2b-a`	Direct
LN-o Steppe individual, Switzerland	Switzerland	Switzerland LN	2865-2499 calBCE (4099±32 BP, BE-8681.1.1)	Swiss Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Portugal	Portugal	Portugal C	2876-2491 calBCE (4100±60 BP, GrN-10972)	Portuguese Chalcolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
LN individual, Switzerland	Switzerland	Switzerland LN	3013-2900 calBCE (4337±23 BP, BE-9182.1.1)	Swiss Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
MN individual, Ireland	Ireland	Ireland MN	3322-2921 calBCE (4421±30 BP, OxA-36080)	Irish Middle Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
England N individual, United Kingdom	United Kingdom	England N	3400-3100 BCE	British Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
MLN individual, Spain	Spain	Spain MLN	3496-3355 calBCE (4615±20 BP, PSUAMS-4432)	Iberian Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
MLN individual, Spain	Spain	Spain MLN	3500-3300 BCE	Iberian Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
MN individual, Ireland	Ireland	Ireland MN	3516-3359 calBCE (4638±36 BP, UBA-35072)	Irish Middle Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
MLN individual, Spain	Spain	Spain MLN	3644-3528 calBCE (4810±22 BP, MAMS-16354)	Iberian Neolithic	`X2b-a`	Direct
MN individual, France	France	France MN	4342-4077 calBCE (5406±32 BP, OxA-15063)	Middle Neolithic French	`X2b-a`	Direct
Yonne MN individual, France	France	France MN	4836-4606 calBCE (5855±40 BP, Lyon-4446, SacA-8629)	Middle Neolithic French	`X2b-a`	Direct
European Neolithic individual, Hungary	Hungary	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary	5286 BCE - 5015 BCE	Bükk Group	`X2b-a`	Direct
Ceu Mn individual, Hungary	Hungary	Middle Neolithic Central Europe	5286 BCE - 5015 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct
Ceu Mn individual, Hungary	Hungary	Middle Neolithic Central Europe	5286 BCE - 5015 BCE		`X2b-a`	Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Norse individual, Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark (900-1,000 CE)

Norse individual, Denmark

Viking Age Denmark - Denmark - Langeland. Bogevej

Denmark Denmark Viking 900 CE - 1000 CE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Viking individual, Langeland. Bogevej, Denmark (900-1,000 CE)

Viking individual, Denmark

Denmark The Viking Age 900 CE - 1000 CE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Norse individual, Ladoga, Russia (1,000-1,200 CE)

Norse individual, Russia

Viking Age Russia - Russia - Ladoga

Russia Russia Viking 1000 CE - 1200 CE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Viking individual, Ladoga, Russia (1,000-1,200 CE)

Viking individual, Russia

Russia The Viking Age 1000 CE - 1200 CE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Central European Bronze Age Cultures individual, Oberottmarshausen - Kiesgrube Lauter, Germany (1,617-1,504 BCE)

Central European Bronze Age Cultures individual, Germany

Middle Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Oberottmarshausen - Kiesgrube Lauter

Germany Middle Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 1617 BCE - 1504 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Ceu Mba individual, Oberottmarshausen - Kiesgrube Lauter, Germany (1,617-1,504 BCE)

Ceu Mba individual, Germany

Germany Middle Bronze Age Central Europe 1617 BCE - 1504 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Ceu Mba individual, Germany

Germany Lech MBA possible.contam - Oberottmarshausen - Kiesgrube Lauter

Germany Middle Bronze Age Central Europe 1617 BCE - 1504 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Atlantic Bronze Age individual, Torre Velha 3, Portugal (1,800-1,400 BCE)

Atlantic Bronze Age individual, Portugal

Middle Bronze Age Portugal - Portugal - Torre Velha 3

Portugal Portugal MBA 1800 BCE - 1400 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Iberia Ba individual, Torre Velha 3, Portugal (1,800-1,400 BCE)

Iberia Ba individual, Portugal

Portugal Bronze Age Iberia 1800 BCE - 1400 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Central European Bronze Age Cultures individual, Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord, Germany (1,872-1,624 BCE)

Central European Bronze Age Cultures individual, Germany

Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord

Germany Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 1872 BCE - 1624 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Ceu Eba individual, Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord, Germany (1,872-1,624 BCE)

Ceu Eba individual, Germany

Germany Early Bronze Age Central Europe 1872 BCE - 1624 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Kleinaitingen Gewerbegebiet Nord EBA individual, Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord, Germany (1,881-1,687 BCE)

Kleinaitingen Gewerbegebiet Nord EBA individual, Germany

Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord

Germany Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 1881-1687 calBCE (3454±28 BP, MAMS-21565)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Kleinaitingen Gewerbegebiet Nord EBA individual, Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord, Germany (1,888-1,700 BCE)

Kleinaitingen Gewerbegebiet Nord EBA individual, Germany

Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Kleinaitingen - Gewerbegebiet Nord

Germany Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 1888-1700 calBCE (3486±27 BP, MAMS-21571)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Haunstetten Postillionstrasse EBA individual, Haunstetten - Postillionstraße, Germany (2,127-1,901 BCE)

Haunstetten Postillionstrasse EBA individual, Germany

Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany - Germany - Haunstetten - Postillionstraße

Germany Early Bronze Age Lech Valley, Germany 2127-1901 calBCE (3631±24 BP, MAMS-18968)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of England EBA C-olow EEF individual, England. Derbyshire. Brassington. Carsington Pasture Cave, United Kingdom (2,195-1,980 BCE)

England EBA C-olow EEF individual, United Kingdom

Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age England - United Kingdom - England. Derbyshire. Brassington. Carsington Pasture Cave

United Kingdom Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age England 2195-1980 calBCE (3694±25 BP, BRAMS-1230)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain (2,850-2,250 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain C 2850-2250 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of LN-o Steppe individual, Aesch, Switzerland (2,865-2,499 BCE)

LN-o Steppe individual, Switzerland

Late Neolithic Switzerland - Switzerland - Aesch

Switzerland Switzerland LN 2865-2499 calBCE (4099±32 BP, BE-8681.1.1)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos, Portugal (2,876-2,491 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Portugal

Chalcolithic Portugal - Portugal - Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos

Portugal Portugal C 2876-2491 calBCE (4100±60 BP, GrN-10972)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of LN individual, Aesch, Switzerland (3,013-2,900 BCE)

LN individual, Switzerland

Late Neolithic Switzerland - Switzerland - Aesch

Switzerland Switzerland LN 3013-2900 calBCE (4337±23 BP, BE-9182.1.1)

X2b-a Direct

MN individual, Ireland

Middle Neolithic Ireland - Ireland - Ireland. Meath. Site Z. Newgrange

Ireland Ireland MN 3322-2921 calBCE (4421±30 BP, OxA-36080)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of England N individual, England. Northampton. Banbury Lane, United Kingdom (3,360-3,100 BCE)

England N individual, United Kingdom

Neolithic England - United Kingdom - England. Northampton. Banbury Lane

United Kingdom England N 3400-3100 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of MLN individual, Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà, Spain (3,496-3,355 BCE)

MLN individual, Spain

Middle to Late Neolithic Spain - Spain - Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà

Spain Spain MLN 3496-3355 calBCE (4615±20 BP, PSUAMS-4432)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of MLN individual, Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà, Spain (3,500-3,300 BCE)

MLN individual, Spain

Middle to Late Neolithic Spain - Spain - Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà

Spain Spain MLN 3500-3300 BCE

X2b-a Direct

MN individual, Ireland

Middle Neolithic Ireland - Ireland - Ireland. Clare. Parknabinnia

Ireland Ireland MN 3516-3359 calBCE (4638±36 BP, UBA-35072)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of MLN individual, Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes, Spain (3,644-3,528 BCE)

MLN individual, Spain

Middle to Late Neolithic Spain - Spain - Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes

Spain Spain MLN 3644-3528 calBCE (4810±22 BP, MAMS-16354)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of MN individual, Deux-Sèvres. Prissé-la-Charrière, France (4,342-4,077 BCE)

MN individual, France

Middle Neolithic France - France - Deux-Sèvres. Prissé-la-Charrière

France France MN 4342-4077 calBCE (5406±32 BP, OxA-15063)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Yonne MN individual, Yonne. Gurgy "Les Noisats", France (4,836-4,606 BCE)

Yonne MN individual, France

Middle Neolithic France - France - Yonne. Gurgy "Les Noisats"

France France MN 4836-4606 calBCE (5855±40 BP, Lyon-4446, SacA-8629)

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of European Neolithic individual, Garadna, Hungary (5,286-5,015 BCE)

European Neolithic individual, Hungary

Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary - Hungary - Garadna

Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary 5286 BCE - 5015 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Reconstructed portrait of Ceu Mn individual, Garadna, Hungary (5,286-5,015 BCE)

Ceu Mn individual, Hungary

Hungary Middle Neolithic Central Europe 5286 BCE - 5015 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Ceu Mn individual, Hungary

Hungary MN ALPc Bukk.SG - Garadna

Hungary Middle Neolithic Central Europe 5286 BCE - 5015 BCE

X2b-a Direct

Chapter VI

Carrier Distribution Map

Geographic distribution of 30 ancient DNA samples (direct and subclade carriers of X2BA)

Direct carrier

All Time Periods

Showing all samples

Chapter VII

Temporal Distribution

Distribution of carriers across archaeological periods

Chapter VIII

Geographic Distribution

Distribution by country of origin (direct and subclade carriers shown by default)

Chapter IX

Country × Era Distribution

Cross-tabulation of carrier countries and archaeological periods (direct and subclade carriers shown by default)

Data

Data & Provenance

Source information and data quality

Last Updated 2026-06-14

Confidence Score 50/100

Coverage Low

Data Source

We use the latest phylotree for MTDNA haplogroup classification and data.