Civilization Spotlight

Iberian Chalcolithic Echoes

Name: DNAGENICS DNA Analysis Platform
Author: DNAGENICS

Copper, caves and DNA shaping Iberia between 3800–1700 BCE

3800 CE - 1700 BCE

Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal)

119 Ancient Samples

Explore the Story All Cultures

Scroll to begin

Chapter I

The Story

Understanding the Iberian Chalcolithic Echoes culture

The Iberian Chalcolithic (3800–1700 BCE) saw copper technology, ritual caves and mobile networks across Spain and Portugal. Archaeology from Atapuerca to Almonda combines with 157 ancient genomes to reveal demographic shifts and persistent maternal lineages amid new male-line diversity.

Time Period

3800–1700 BCE

Region

Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal)

Common Y-DNA

I, G, R, H, F

Common mtDNA

U, K, J, H, H3

Timeline

Key moments in the history of this culture

2500 BCE

Wider connections and increased mobility

Around 2500 BCE archaeological and genetic signals show heightened mobility and exchange—new metalwork styles and incoming ancestry components appear across Iberia.

Chapter III

Origins & Emergence

The Iberian Chalcolithic emerges as a landscape of metal glints and deep caves. From the karst chambers of Atapuerca and El Portalón to the flint-strewn hills of Cabeço da Arruda and Galeria da Cisterna, communities between 3800 and 1700 BCE adopted copper technologies, elaborated funerary architecture and intensified long-distance exchange. Archaeological data indicate regional diversity: some areas emphasize collective cave burial (El Portalón, El Mirador), while others show open-air copper-age settlements and ritual deposition (Torres Vedras, Burgos).

Material change unfolded against long-term local trajectories. Pottery, polished stone tools and early metallurgy layered atop Neolithic farming economies, producing hybrid cultural assemblages rather than a single uniform culture. Ancient DNA from 157 individuals sampled across Spain and Portugal shows demographic complexity: genetic continuity with earlier Neolithic farmers is visible, but pulses of new ancestry—detectable in the third millennium BCE—coincide with greater connectivity across Atlantic and continental Europe. Limited evidence suggests these demographic shifts were uneven: some valleys retain strong local signatures while coastal nodes show more incoming influence.

Archaeological inference must remain cautious. The physical traces—burial caves, copper beads, ochre-stained bones—are vivid, but translating them into social change requires combining stratigraphy, radiocarbon horizons and genomic patterns. Where DNA and material culture converge, they illuminate how people moved, married and buried their dead in a changing Iberia.

Emergence across 3800–1700 BCE with regional variation
Key sites: Atapuerca, El Portalón, Galeria da Cisterna, Cabeço da Arruda
Material change blends Neolithic continuity with new metallurgy and exchange

Chapter IV

Daily Life & Society

Daily existence in Chalcolithic Iberia combined farming rhythms with intense ritual visibility. Cereals, pulses and domesticated animals fed communities whose seasons were marked by sowing, harvest and the crafting of copper tools and ornaments. Caves like El Portalón and El Mirador served not only as burial chambers but as stages for communal memory: repeated interments, secondary deposition and curated grave goods suggest long-term ancestor veneration and complex social bonds.

Material culture hints at hierarchical distinctions: some burials contain rich personal items—copper awls, pierced pendants, specially flaked blades—while others are more modest. Landscapes were inscribed with meaning: megalithic tombs and isolated hoards attest to territories, routes and ritual stops. Networks of exchange are visible in non-local raw materials and stylistic affinities; coastal and riverine corridors (Lisbon/Torres Vedras, Almonda) likely facilitated movement of goods and people.

Craftspeople worked with copper, stone and bone, while pottery styles show both local traditions and broader stylistic currents. Ethnographically resonant practices—collective feasting, shared labour on cairns and rites around caves—can be inferred but remain interpretive. Archaeological data indicate a tapestry of household life, community ritual and regional connectivity that shaped identity across the peninsula.

Mixed agro-pastoral economy with emerging metallurgy
Caves and collective burials central to ritual and memory

Chapter V

Genetic Profile

The genomic dataset of 157 Iberian Chalcolithic individuals provides one of the richer ancient-DNA windows into western Europe during the later Neolithic and early Copper Age. Y-chromosome calls in this sample show a preponderance of haplogroup I (47 assigned Y-calls), with notable counts of G (14), R (11), H (6) and F (6). These male-line results suggest persistence of lineages connected to earlier European hunter‑gatherer and Neolithic male ancestries alongside introductions of other paternal types.

Mitochondrial diversity is high: U (33), K (30), J (23), H (20) and the H3 sublineage (10) are well represented. The prominence of maternal U lineages is consistent with survival of Mesolithic-derived maternal ancestry in Iberia, while K and J reflect Neolithic farmer contributions. Because the mtDNA counts sum to a large portion of the dataset, maternal continuity appears robust even where paternal profiles show turnover or admixture.

Genome-wide signals—when compared to contemporaneous European samples—indicate a mixture: a Neolithic farmer foundation with increasing ancestry components linked to populations from north‑central Europe in the 3rd millennium BCE. This pattern aligns with archaeological evidence for greater mobility and exchange, but regional heterogeneity is clear. Sample size (157) lends statistical weight to these patterns, yet local sample distribution matters: some sites remain undersampled and fine-scale questions (timing, gender-biased migration) require further targeted sequencing. Overall, genetics complements the archaeological record, revealing both continuity and change in Chalcolithic Iberia.

Y-DNA: I most frequent (47), with G, R, H, F also present
mtDNA: strong representation of U, K, J, H (maternal continuity)

Chapter VI

Legacy & Modern Connections

The Iberian Chalcolithic shaped landscapes and gene pools that echo into later prehistory and, to some extent, the present. Maternal lineages such as H, K and U persist in modern Iberian populations, reflecting deep continuity through millennia of demographic layering. Archaeologically, the adoption of metallurgy and the ritual use of caves influenced settlement patterns and social expressions that continued into the Bronze Age.

However, the Chalcolithic was not an endpoint: subsequent Bronze Age movements, Roman expansion and historic migrations reworked genetic and cultural maps. Ancient DNA shows that Chalcolithic signatures are part of a palimpsest—visible but overlaid by later inputs. Where Chalcolithic traits remain strongest (local burial traditions, certain mtDNA lineages), they offer a direct thread to the past; where they have been transformed, they underscore the dynamic nature of Iberian identity.

In museums and genomes alike, the Chalcolithic invites us to read copper and bone beside chromosomes: material culture tells of daily practice and ritual, while DNA records patterns of ancestry, mobility and contact. Together they produce a more textured, cautious narrative of how people lived, moved and left their mark on Iberia.

Maternal haplogroups from the Chalcolithic persist in modern Iberia
Cultural innovations (metallurgy, ritual landscapes) influenced later societies

Chapter VII

Sample Catalog

119 ancient DNA samples associated with the Iberian Chalcolithic Echoes culture, providing genetic insights into the people who lived during this period.

119 / 119 samples

Sample	Country	Era	Date	Culture	Sex	Y-DNA	mtDNA
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3265 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H3c3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`H2-P96`	`U5b3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I2a2a`	`K1-a15`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3096 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G2a2a`	`V`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-CTS5990`	`U5b1-a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H4a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3356-2936 calBCE (4470±50 BP, Poz-83429)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J1c3ac`
Spain C individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	4000-3400 BCE		M	`T-MF136843`	`W5a2`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2750-2550 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-CTS5990`	`H`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J2b1a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2750-2550 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-CTS5375`	`J2b1a2a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a2a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3011 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I2-M223`	-
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3100-2650 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a4a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I2a2a`	`U5b2b3a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2867-2573 calBCE (4110±30 BP, Beta-416458)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H1t`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2564-2299 cal BCE (3933±32 BP, CSIC-1896)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-P312`	`K1a4a1`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2453-2201 calBCE (3837±25 BP, MAMS-14857)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a1b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3015-2901 calBCE (4340±22 BP) [R_combine: (4390±30 BP, Beta-301225), (4290±30 BP, Beta-301226)]	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b1-a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3022-2907 calBCE (4355±20 BP, PSUAMS-2866)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-S10631`	`H5`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b1f1a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2857-2492 calBCE (4080±30 BP, Beta-416456)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1b1a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3100-2650 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`T2b3d`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2872-2626 calBCE (4141±21 BP, MAMS-18651)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-PF3148`	`H1ah`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2570-2342 calBCE (3950±30 BP, Beta-416457)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I2a2a`	`H3`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2287-2044 cal BCE (3760±30 BP, Beta-492280)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-L51`	`U5a1b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I2a1a1`	`U3a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3336 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M423`	`K1a2b`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600-2200 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b2b`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2283-1983 calBCE (3730±40 BP, Poz-49174)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-DF103`	`K1a24a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-PF3148`	`H1e1a`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-P312`	`T2b3-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3100-2650 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-BY37404`	`K1a2c`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2300 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-Z161`	`H1-e`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a4a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2460-2206 calBCE (3860±30 BP, UGA-15905)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-BY191090`	`H45`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J2a1a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G2a`	`J2a1a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b1e`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3800-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J2b1a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2650-2250 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J1c1`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2200 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-P310`	`H3-b`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2462-2209 calBCE (3870±30 BP, PSUAMS-2120)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`T2b3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2130-1896 calBCE (3630±30 BP, Ua-35012)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-PF3148`	`U5b1c`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3307-2899 calBCE (4380±40 BP, Beta-288933)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M223`	`X2b`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-PF6658`	`HV0b`
Spain C individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600-2300 BCE		M	`I-PF692`	`H3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-S9403`	`X2b`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H4a1a-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`H-P96`	`U5b1i`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M223`	`H3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2916-2704 calBCE (4250±30 BP, Beta-299305)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M223`	`H3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2571-2347 calBCE (3960±30 BP, Beta-299306)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I2a1b1`	`H3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-P222`	`K1a1b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2456-2204 calBCE (3850±30 BP, UGA-15904)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-S10631`	`K1a1b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2474-2209 calBCE (3900±40 BP, Beta-299300)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M223`	`X2b`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-CTS2257`	`H3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3096 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-P214`	`K1-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3013-2889 calBCE (4320±30 BP, Beta-301223)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J1c1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3150-2850 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b2b`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H3c3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2835-2473 calBCE (4051±28 BP, MAMS-25940)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-P222`	`H1t`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2300 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2025 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-Y31653`	`J1c1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2573-2348 calBCE (3965±29 BP, MAMS-25937)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-V88`	`H1ax`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-P310`	`U5b2b3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2576-2356 calBCE (3980±30 BP, Beta-504712)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J2b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3092-2893 calBCE (4350±40 BP, Beta-288937)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-P214`	`J1c1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M423`	`H1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2850-2250 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2200-2000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M423`	`U5b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`T2b3-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-PF3359`	`J2b1a3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M170`	`H3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2850-2250 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H1q`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2850-2250 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2850-2250 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R1b1a`	`U5b1i`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2850-2250 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a2a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-L30`	`T2b3-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`P-M45`	`U5b1i`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3345 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	-
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J1c3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2300 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J2a1a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2905-2636 calBCE (4210±40 BP, Beta-261529)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-L623`	`H1`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2200 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-P214`	`H1ah`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2471-2296 calBCE (3915±29 BP, MAMS-25939)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-L89`	`K1a4a1`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500-2200 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`P-M45`	`U5a1a2b`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2850-2250 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H103*`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3008 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M223`	`H3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`H-SK1180`	`H3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3516 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`R-M173`	-
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`P-M45`	`U5b1c1`
C-o Steppe individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2569-2344 calBCE (3950±26 BP, MAMS-25936)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a-a4`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2300 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`F-M89`	`T2b`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2850-2250 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`X2b-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	U	`G-L156`	`J1c1b`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`G-P15`	`K1a4a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2461-2240 calBCE (3875±20 BP, PSUAMS-2320)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`L1b1a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3000-2100 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b2a1a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`J1c3`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2121 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a-a4`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`I-M170`	`J2b1a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900-2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`F-M89`	`T2b3-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	3000-2100 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`IJ-P124`	`J1c1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2291 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5a1c`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2200-2000 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a1b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2474-2236 calBCE (3905±35 BP, Ua-35013)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H1t`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`U5b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H4a1a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2397-2069 calBCE (3797±32 BP, Ua-43525)	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	-	`K1a4a1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2008-1744 calBCE (3530±40 BP, Ua-35014)	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`K1a-a4`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2500 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`F-M89`	`K1a1b1`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2900 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	M	`F-M89`	`HV0-a`
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Spain	Spain_C	2600-2400 BCE	Iberian Chalcolithic	F	-	`H1aq`

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain (3,265-2,913 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Atapuerca. El Portalón

Spain Spain_C 3265 BCE

mt: H3c3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain (2,900-2,675 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Atapuerca. El Portalón

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: H2-P96 mt: U5b3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain (2,900-2,300 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: I2a2a mt: K1-a15

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain (3,096-2,913 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera

Spain Spain_C 3096 BCE

Y: G2a2a mt: V

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain (2,900-2,500 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

Y: G-CTS5990 mt: U5b1-a1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

mt: H4a1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain (3,356-2,936 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II

Spain Spain_C 3356-2936 calBCE (4470±50 BP, Poz-83429)

mt: J1c3ac

Reconstructed portrait of Spain C individual, San Nicolás (Murcia), Spain (4,046-3,354 BCE)

Spain C individual, Spain

I19651

Spain Spain_C 4000-3400 BCE

Y: T-MF136843 mt: W5a2

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain (2,706-2,569 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2750-2550 BCE

Y: G-CTS5990 mt: H

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

mt: J2b1a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2750-2550 BCE

Y: I-CTS5375 mt: J2b1a2a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

mt: K1a2a

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain (3,011-2,881 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Atapuerca. El Portalón

Spain Spain_C 3011 BCE

Y: I2-M223

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera, Spain (3,100-2,650 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera

Spain Spain_C 3100-2650 BCE

mt: K1a4a1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain (3,000-2,800 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II

Spain Spain_C 3000 BCE

Y: I2a2a mt: U5b2b3a

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain (2,867-2,573 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2867-2573 calBCE (4110±30 BP, Beta-416458)

mt: H1t

Reconstructed portrait of C-o Steppe individual, Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido, Spain (2,564-2,299 BCE)

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido

Spain Spain_C 2564-2299 cal BCE (3933±32 BP, CSIC-1896)

Y: R-P312 mt: K1a4a1

Reconstructed portrait of C-o Steppe individual, Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain (2,453-2,201 BCE)

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Arroyal I

Spain Spain_C 2453-2201 calBCE (3837±25 BP, MAMS-14857)

mt: K1a1b1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain (3,015-2,901 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera

Spain Spain_C 3015-2901 calBCE (4340±22 BP) [R_combine: (4390±30 BP, Beta-301225), (4290±30 BP, Beta-301226)]

mt: U5b1-a1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Tarragona. Galls Carboners, Spain (3,022-2,907 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Tarragona. Galls Carboners

Spain Spain_C 3022-2907 calBCE (4355±20 BP, PSUAMS-2866)

Y: I-S10631 mt: H5

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain (2,600-1,700 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2600 BCE

mt: U5b1f1a

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain (2,857-2,492 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2857-2492 calBCE (4080±30 BP, Beta-416456)

mt: K1b1a1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera

Spain Spain_C 3100-2650 BCE

mt: T2b3d

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Alcalá de Xivert. Cova dels Diablets, Spain (2,872-2,626 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Alcalá de Xivert. Cova dels Diablets

Spain Spain_C 2872-2626 calBCE (4141±21 BP, MAMS-18651)

Y: G-PF3148 mt: H1ah

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain (2,570-2,342 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2570-2342 calBCE (3950±30 BP, Beta-416457)

Y: I2a2a mt: H3

Reconstructed portrait of C-o Steppe individual, Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido, Spain (2,287-2,041 BCE)

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido

Spain Spain_C 2287-2044 cal BCE (3760±30 BP, Beta-492280)

Y: R-L51 mt: U5a1b1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: I2a1a1 mt: U3a1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain (3,336-2,937 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Atapuerca. El Portalón

Spain Spain_C 3336 BCE

Y: I-M423 mt: K1a2b

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain (2,600-2,200 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Arroyal I

Spain Spain_C 2600-2200 BCE

mt: U5b2b

Reconstructed portrait of C-o Steppe individual, Ciempozuelos. Burgos. Virgazal, Spain (2,283-1,983 BCE)

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Ciempozuelos. Burgos. Virgazal

Spain Spain_C 2283-1983 calBCE (3730±40 BP, Poz-49174)

Y: R-DF103 mt: K1a24a

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Peñacerrada-Urizaharra. Las Yurdinas II, Spain (3,000-2,800 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Peñacerrada-Urizaharra. Las Yurdinas II

Spain Spain_C 3000 BCE

Y: G-PF3148 mt: H1e1a

Reconstructed portrait of C-o Steppe individual, Madrid. Humanejos, Spain (2,500-2,000 BCE)

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2500-2000 BCE

Y: R-P312 mt: T2b3-a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera

Spain Spain_C 3100-2650 BCE

Y: I-BY37404 mt: K1a2c

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. Humanejos, Spain (2,900-2,300 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2900-2300 BCE

Y: I-Z161 mt: H1-e

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II

Spain Spain_C 3000 BCE

mt: K1a4a1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain (2,460-2,206 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Arroyal I

Spain Spain_C 2460-2206 calBCE (3860±30 BP, UGA-15905)

Y: I-BY191090 mt: H45

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II

Spain Spain_C 3000 BCE

mt: J2a1a1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: G2a mt: J2a1a1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2600 BCE

mt: U5b1e

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Font de la Figuera. Cova de Sant Gomengo, Spain (3,800-2,500 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Font de la Figuera. Cova de Sant Gomengo

Spain Spain_C 3800-2500 BCE

mt: J2b1a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2650-2250 BCE

mt: K1-a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

mt: J1c1

Reconstructed portrait of C-o Steppe individual, Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma, Spain (2,500-2,200 BCE)

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma

Spain Spain_C 2500-2200 BCE

Y: R-P310 mt: H3-b

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain (2,462-2,209 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2462-2209 calBCE (3870±30 BP, PSUAMS-2120)

mt: T2b3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain (2,130-1,896 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2130-1896 calBCE (3630±30 BP, Ua-35012)

Y: G-PF3148 mt: U5b1c

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain (3,307-2,899 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera

Spain Spain_C 3307-2899 calBCE (4380±40 BP, Beta-288933)

Y: I-M223 mt: X2b

Reconstructed portrait of C-o Steppe individual, La Magdalena, Spain (2,500-2,000 BCE)

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - La Magdalena

Spain Spain_C 2500-2000 BCE

Y: R-PF6658 mt: HV0b

Reconstructed portrait of Spain C individual, El Mirador Cave (Castilla y León, Burgos, Atapuerca), Spain (2,624-2,276 BCE)

Spain C individual, Spain

I0584

Spain Spain_C 2600-2300 BCE

Y: I-PF692 mt: H3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain (2,900-2,675 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: I-S9403 mt: X2b

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. Humanejos, Spain (2,500-2,000 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2500-2000 BCE

mt: H4a1a-a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2600 BCE

Y: H-P96 mt: U5b1i

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: I-M223 mt: H3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo, Spain (2,916-2,704 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo

Spain Spain_C 2916-2704 calBCE (4250±30 BP, Beta-299305)

Y: I-M223 mt: H3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo, Spain (2,571-2,347 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo

Spain Spain_C 2571-2347 calBCE (3960±30 BP, Beta-299306)

Y: I2a1b1 mt: H3

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2500-2000 BCE

Y: I-P222 mt: K1a1b1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain (2,456-2,204 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Arroyal I

Spain Spain_C 2456-2204 calBCE (3850±30 BP, UGA-15904)

Y: I-S10631 mt: K1a1b1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. El Sotillo, Spain (2,474-2,209 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. El Sotillo

Spain Spain_C 2474-2209 calBCE (3900±40 BP, Beta-299300)

Y: I-M223 mt: X2b

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: I-CTS2257 mt: H3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain (3,096-2,913 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Atapuerca. El Portalón

Spain Spain_C 3096 BCE

Y: I-P214 mt: K1-a

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain (3,013-2,889 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera

Spain Spain_C 3013-2889 calBCE (4320±30 BP, Beta-301223)

mt: J1c1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain (3,150-2,850 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera

Spain Spain_C 3150-2850 BCE

mt: U5b2b

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

mt: H3c3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain (2,835-2,473 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2835-2473 calBCE (4051±28 BP, MAMS-25940)

Y: I-P222 mt: H1t

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2900-2300 BCE

mt: H1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain (2,025-1,752 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2025 BCE

Y: I-Y31653 mt: J1c1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain (2,573-2,348 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2573-2348 calBCE (3965±29 BP, MAMS-25937)

Y: R-V88 mt: H1ax

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2500-2000 BCE

Y: R-P310 mt: U5b2b3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia, Spain (2,576-2,356 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia

Spain Spain_C 2576-2356 calBCE (3980±30 BP, Beta-504712)

mt: J2b1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain (3,092-2,893 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera

Spain Spain_C 3092-2893 calBCE (4350±40 BP, Beta-288937)

Y: I-P214 mt: J1c1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2600 BCE

Y: I-M423 mt: H1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain (2,850-2,250 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2850-2250 BCE

mt: U5b3

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

mt: U5b1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Granada. Arenas del Rey, Spain (2,200-2,000 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Granada. Arenas del Rey

Spain Spain_C 2200-2000 BCE

Y: I-M423 mt: U5b1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

mt: T2b3-a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: G-PF3359 mt: J2b1a3

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: I-M170 mt: H3

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2850-2250 BCE

mt: H1q

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2850-2250 BCE

mt: H1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2850-2250 BCE

Y: R1b1a mt: U5b1i

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2850-2250 BCE

mt: K1a2a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

Y: G-L30 mt: T2b3-a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2600 BCE

Y: P-M45 mt: U5b1i

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, La Magdalena, Spain (2,500-2,000 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - La Magdalena

Spain Spain_C 2500-2000 BCE

mt: U5b3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain (3,345-2,937 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca

Spain Spain_C 3345 BCE

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2600 BCE

mt: J1c3

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2900-2300 BCE

mt: J2a1a1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain (2,905-2,636 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain Spain_C 2905-2636 calBCE (4210±40 BP, Beta-261529)

Y: I-L623 mt: H1

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma

Spain Spain_C 2500-2200 BCE

mt: U5b1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

Y: I-P214 mt: H1ah

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain (2,471-2,296 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2471-2296 calBCE (3915±29 BP, MAMS-25939)

Y: G-L89 mt: K1a4a1

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma

Spain Spain_C 2500-2200 BCE

Y: P-M45 mt: U5a1a2b

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2850-2250 BCE

mt: H103*

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain (3,008-2,783 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca

Spain Spain_C 3008 BCE

Y: I-M223 mt: H3

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: H-SK1180 mt: H3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain (3,516-3,365 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca

Spain Spain_C 3516 BCE

Y: R-M173

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - La Magdalena

Spain Spain_C 2500 BCE

Y: P-M45 mt: U5b1c1

Reconstructed portrait of C-o Steppe individual, Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain (2,569-2,344 BCE)

C-o Steppe individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Burgos. Arroyal I

Spain Spain_C 2569-2344 calBCE (3950±26 BP, MAMS-25936)

mt: K1a-a4

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2900-2300 BCE

Y: F-M89 mt: T2b

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street

Spain Spain_C 2850-2250 BCE

mt: X2b-a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: G-L156 mt: J1c1b

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

Y: G-P15 mt: K1a4a1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain (2,461-2,240 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2461-2240 calBCE (3875±20 BP, PSUAMS-2320)

mt: L1b1a

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain (3,000-2,100 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain Spain_C 3000-2100 BCE

mt: U5b2a1a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

mt: J1c3

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Granada. Monachil, Spain (2,121-1,777 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Granada. Monachil

Spain Spain_C 2121 BCE

mt: K1a-a4

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

Y: I-M170 mt: J2b1a1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900-2500 BCE

Y: F-M89 mt: T2b3-a

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain Spain_C 3000-2100 BCE

Y: IJ-P124 mt: J1c1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain (2,291-2,047 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca

Spain Spain_C 2291 BCE

mt: U5a1c

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Granada. Arenas del Rey

Spain Spain_C 2200-2000 BCE

mt: K1a1b1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain (2,474-2,236 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2474-2236 calBCE (3905±35 BP, Ua-35013)

mt: H1t

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2600 BCE

mt: U5b1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

mt: H4a1a

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. Humanejos, Spain (2,397-2,069 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2397-2069 calBCE (3797±32 BP, Ua-43525)

mt: K1a4a1

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain (2,008-1,744 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2008-1744 calBCE (3530±40 BP, Ua-35014)

mt: K1a-a4

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain Spain_C 2600 BCE

mt: H1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Madrid. Humanejos

Spain Spain_C 2500 BCE

Y: F-M89 mt: K1a1b1

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel

Spain Spain_C 2900 BCE

Y: F-M89 mt: HV0-a

Reconstructed portrait of Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia, Spain (2,600-2,400 BCE)

Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain

Chalcolithic Spain - Spain - Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia

Spain Spain_C 2600-2400 BCE

mt: H1aq

AI Powered

AI Assistant

Ask questions about the Iberian Chalcolithic Echoes culture

AI Assistant by DNAGENICS

Unlock this feature

Ask questions about the Iberian Chalcolithic Echoes culture. Our AI assistant can explain genetic findings, historical context, archaeological evidence, and modern connections.

Before you continue: the analysis you are about to generate is produced by an AI model. AI output can be incomplete, inaccurate, or simply wrong. It describes statistical genetic similarity to reference populations and is not proof of ancestry, ethnicity, identity, or descent. It is provided for informational and educational purposes only, and is not medical, diagnostic, genealogical, legal, or other professional advice. Do not rely on it to make health, financial, legal, or family decisions. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, DNA Genics, S.L. accepts no liability for any loss or decision arising from your use of this AI output.

Sample AI Analysis

The Iberian Chalcolithic Echoes culture represents a fascinating chapter in human history...

Genetic analysis reveals connections to earlier populations while showing evidence of unique adaptations and cultural innovations. The ancient DNA samples provide insights into migration patterns, social structures, and the biological relationships between ancient populations.

This is a preview of the AI analysis. Unlock the full AI Assistant to explore detailed insights about: